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- @037 CHAP 2
-
- ┌───────────────────────────────────────────────────┐
- │LIMITED PARTNERSHIPS: ADVANTAGES AND DISADVANTAGES│
- └───────────────────────────────────────────────────┘
-
- State law provides for a special kind of partnership, the
- limited partnership, in which the limited partners have
- limited personal liability. The limited partnership entity
- is more regulated than the common garden variety general
- partnership, but it allows investors who will not be
- actively involved in the partnership's operations to become
- partners without their being exposed to unlimited liability
- for the debts of the business if it goes under. The limited
- partner risks only his or her investment, but must allow
- one or more general partners to exercise control over the
- business. In fact, if the limited partner becomes involved
- in the partnership's operations, he or she may LOSE his or
- her protected status as a limited partner.
-
- @IF114xx]If you are a limited partner in @NAME,
- @IF114xx]you will want to take particular note of the fact that you
- @IF114xx]could lose your limited liability if you get significantly
- @IF114xx]involved in partnership decisions, although some new state
- @IF114xx]limited partnership laws are beginning, at last, to allow
- @IF114xx]limited partners to have some input into certain major
- @IF114xx]decisions of the partnership to protect their interests,
- @IF114xx]without giving up their limited liability protection.
- @IF114xx]
- General partners in a limited partnership are fully liable
- for the partnership's debts. Every limited partnership must
- have have one or more general partners as well as one or
- more limited partners. In other words, someone has to be
- responsible to creditors, since the limited partners are not.
-
- State law in each state requires certain formalities in the
- case of a limited partnership that are not required for
- other partnerships. To qualify for their special status,
- such partnerships usually must file a certificate of limited
- partnership with the secretary of state or other state or
- county offices. Establishing a limited partnership also
- will generally require you to have a written partnership
- agreement, as a practical matter, in @STATE.
-
- @CODE: CA
- Note that while California generally treats limited
- partnerships like other partnerships for tax purposes, the
- state now imposes an annual minimum franchise tax (the same
- as for corporations) of $800 a year on limited partnerships
- doing business in California, regardless of the partnership's
- taxable income or loss.
- @CODE:OF
-
- Limited partnerships have one important advantage over
- general partnerships for federal income tax purposes: A
- limited partner's distributive share of the partnership
- income is generally NOT treated as self-employment income,
- and thus is not subject to the federal self-employment tax.
- However, general partners in a limited partnership are
- subject to self-employment tax, to the same extent as
- partners in a general partnership.
-
- A limited partnership may also enjoy a similar advantage
- with respect to LLCs. Unless an LLC is properly structured
- so that some members are clearly not "managing members,"
- then all LLC members, like general partners in a general
- partnership, will be subject to self-employment tax on
- their share of the LLCs self-employment income.
-
- Note that with the adoption of limited liability partnership
- (LLP) laws in nearly every state, it is now generally
- possible to set up a partnership or register an existing
- partnership with the state as an LLP, and thereby obtain
- limited liability for ALL the partners of the partnership.
- There is no danger of a losing your limited liability in
- an LLP if you become involved in its management, which is
- a further advantage of LLPs over limited partnerships.
- Accordingly, it is likely that limited partnerships will
- largely be supplanted by LLPs in the future, due to the
- advantages LLPs offer in comparison to limited partnerships.